Who Benefits from One Nation-One Election? Challenges in India and Global Insights

Who Benefits from One Nation-One Election? Challenges in India and Global Insights

The Cabinet led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has given its nod to the long-debated ‘One Nation-One Election’ proposal. A special committee, chaired by former President Ram Nath Kovind, was tasked with evaluating the feasibility of conducting simultaneous elections for both the Lok Sabha and state assemblies. The committee’s report, submitted in March, forms the basis for the approved proposal.

This proposal aims to streamline India’s electoral process by conducting national and state elections together. The bill for ‘One Nation-One Election’ will be presented in the upcoming winter session of Parliament. However, despite the proposal’s advantages, such as cost savings and reducing administrative burden, it also poses significant challenges, especially in amending the Constitution and accommodating the diverse political landscape of India.

Global Application of One Nation-One Election

Countries like the United States, France, and Sweden have long adopted simultaneous election models. For instance, the U.S. holds elections for the President, Congress, and Senate every four years on fixed dates, ensuring a synchronized process for federal positions. This global precedent suggests that such a system can work effectively in large democracies.

Key Benefits of One Nation-One Election

1. Cost Savings: By merging elections, India could significantly reduce the costs associated with separate elections held every few months.
2. Administrative Efficiency: Frequent elections strain the administration and security forces. Conducting them simultaneously would ease the burden.
3. Focus on Governance: Politicians can focus on development work instead of staying in continuous election mode, leading to more effective governance.

Historical Context

In India, simultaneous elections were held from 1952 to 1967, after which states were reorganized, and separate election dates became common. The new proposal seeks to revive this practice, aiming to synchronize the electoral calendar across India.

Challenges in India

Implementing ‘One Nation-One Election’ faces several hurdles. Key among them is the need to amend the Constitution, which requires parliamentary approval by two-thirds of its members. The bill must also gain approval from at least 15 state legislatures.

Additionally, logistical challenges such as procuring enough EVMs (Electronic Voting Machines) and mobilizing additional administrative staff and security forces to manage the simultaneous elections are significant concerns. Moreover, if the Lok Sabha or a state assembly is dissolved prematurely, re-aligning the election cycle poses another challenge.

PM Modi’s Push for One Nation-One Election

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has consistently advocated for the One Nation-One Election system. During his Independence Day speech this year, he reiterated the need for simultaneous elections, emphasizing that frequent elections hamper development and political stability.

While the One Nation-One Election proposal promises numerous advantages, including cost savings and streamlined governance, its implementation will require overcoming significant legal, logistical, and political challenges. The upcoming winter session of Parliament will be a crucial step in determining the future of this ambitious reform.